Epidemiologic and genetic associations of female reproductive disorders with depression or dysthymia: a Mendelian randomization study.

Observational studies have previously reported an association between depression and certain female reproductive disorders. However, the causal relationships between depression and different types of female reproductive disorders remain unclear in terms of direction and magnitude. We conducted a comprehensive investigation using a two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis, incorporating publicly available GWAS summary statistics. Our aim was to establish a causal relationship between genetically predicted depression and the risk of various female reproductive pathological conditions, such as ovarian dysfunction, polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), ovarian cysts, abnormal uterine and vaginal bleeding(AUB), endometriosis, leiomyoma of the uterus, female infertility, spontaneous abortion, eclampsia, pregnancy hypertension, gestational diabetes, excessive vomiting in pregnancy, cervical cancer, and uterine/endometrial cancer. We analyzed a substantial sample size, ranging from 111,831 to 210,870 individuals, and employed robust statistical methods, including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO, to estimate causal effects. Sensitivity analyses, such as Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plots, were also conducted to ensure the validity of our results. Furthermore, risk factor analyses were performed to investigate potential mediators associated with these observed relationships. Our results demonstrated that genetic predisposition to depression or dysthymia was associated with an increased risk of developing PCOS (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.28-1.59; P = 6.66 × 10-11), ovarian cysts (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.55; P = 1.57 × 10-6), AUB (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.20-1.66; P = 3.01 × 10-5), and endometriosis (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.27-1.70; P = 2.21 × 10-7) after Bonferroni correction, but no evidence for reverse causality. Our study did not find any evidence supporting a causal or reverse causal relationship between depression/dysthymia and other types of female reproductive disorders. In summary, our study provides evidence for a causal relationship between genetically predicted depression and specific types of female reproductive disorders. Our findings emphasize the importance of depression management in the prevention and treatment of female reproductive disorders, notably including PCOS, ovarian cysts, AUB, and endometriosis.

Secular trends in the incidence of major depressive disorder and dysthymia in China from 1990 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: Depression is increasingly recognized as a worldwide serious, public health concern. A better understanding of depression is important for advancing its management and learning the difference between major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymia. Our aim is to conduct a concurrent analysis of the trends of both MDD and dysthymia in China. METHODS: The data on depression from 1990 to 2019 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). To determine the average annual percent changes (AAPC) and relative risks (RRs), joinpoint regression and the age-period-cohort models were employed, respectively. RESULTS: The incidence number of MDD and dysthymia continuously increased in China from 1990 to 2019, however, the age-standardized rates (ASR) had a decreasing trend in both men and women. The results from joinpoint regression showed that a declining trend was presented in young people (< 50 years) but an increased trend in the elderly (≥ 50 years) both in men and women, during 1990-2019. Age is the most influential factor for MDD and dysthymia. Age RRs for MDD incidence had an overall increasing trend with age. Period RR in MDD presented a U-shaped pattern, while Cohort RRs presented an inverted U-shaped pattern. On the other hand, RRs in dysthymia for period and cohort effects had no statistical significance, only the age effect presented an inverted U-shaped pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The disparities in trends observed between MDD and dysthymia during the period of 1990-2019 indicated the significance of distinguishing between these two disorders. The age, period and cohort effects all had a greater impact on MDD than on dysthymia, and age effects presented different influential patterns in these two. To alleviate the burden of depressive disorders in China, proactive measures need to be implemented, with particular attention to the elderly population.

An update on the pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of dysthymic disorder: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Longer treatment times, more comorbidity, more severe impairments in social, psychological, and emotional functioning, increased healthcare use, and more hospitalizations are all factors that are related to dysthymia. Given the significant prevalence of dysthymia (including persistent depressive disorder) worldwide, its comorbidity with several mental disorders, and the detrimental effects of these comorbidities, it is important to conduct a systematic review to compare the effects of pharmacological acute and maintenance treatments for dysthymia with placebo and standard care in the last 10 years, based on the publication of DSM5. AREAS COVERED: This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Databases, including PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched to assess the effects of pharmacological acute and maintenance treatments for dysthymia in comparison with placebo and treatment as usual. EXPERT OPINION: Our review shows that SSRIs and SNRIs present efficacy for dysthymia treatment, and L-Acetylcarnitine should be investigated further for this condition in elderly patients. The comparison of antidepressant medication versus placebo showed coherent results based on three studies favoring pharmacotherapy as an effective treatment for participants with dysthymia. However, the scarcity of research on continuation and maintenance therapy in people with dysthymia highlights the need for more primary research.

Factitious disorder comorbid with borderline personality disorder and dysthymia: from medically unexplained physical symptoms to functional neurological disorder.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we introduce the concept of comorbidity between factitious disorder (FD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), dysthymia (DY), medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) and functional neurological disorder (FND) characterising patients who may tend to exaggerate physical or psychiatric symptoms of presentation to a general or psychiatric hospital with a constellation of signs that do not receive confirmation from further clinical and instrumental assessments. The similarities between these syndromes and the constant presence of borderline personality in the psychopathology make it the possible link between all these syndromes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors captured the typical appearance and characterisation of FD-BPD-DY-MUPS-FND (Com-1) syndrome in adult and non-forensic acute psychiatric hospitals in the United Kingdom (UK) and adjacent liaison psychiatric teams through case vignettes. Each case vignette merged similar clinical cases and was cross-analysed using information from various mental health and medical professionals and bridging primary and secondary carers' records. RESULTS: The findings suggest striking similarities between the syndromes making borderline personality the bridge pathology for FD, MUPS and FND. The complexity of the diagnosis of these cases is discussed in the study, together with prototypical presentations. CONCLUSIONS: Improving the management of these often-occurring diseases requires multidisciplinary coordination across psychiatry, general care, neurology and surgery departments.

Prevalence of affective disorders in Chinese school-attending children and adolescents aged 6-16 based on a national survey by MINI-Kid.

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia disorder (DD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are the most prevalent affective disorders. A nationwide epidemiological investigation of MDD, DD and BP in school-attending children and adolescents was carried out, taking the effect of age, gender and comorbidity into consideration. METHODS: A two-stage nationwide epidemiological study of point prevalence was conducted. Using a multistage cluster stratified random sampling strategy. The sample distribution was described, and the point prevalence of affective disorders was estimated. Chi-squared tests were used to compare disease prevalence based on sex and age. Comorbid ratios for MDD, DD and BP were calculated. RESULTS: The total number of cases in Stage 1 was 72,107 (aged 6-16 years). The point prevalence of MDD, DD and BP were 2.004 % (95 % CI: 1.902 to 2.106), 0.352 % (95 % CI: 0.309 to 0.395) and 0.856 % (95 % CI: 0.788 to 0.923), respectively. The total prevalence of affective disorder was 3.212 % (95 % CI: 3.079 to 3.338). The total prevalence of affective disorders between sexes (female: 3.834 % versus male: 2.587 %, χ2 = 90.155, p < 0.001) was consistent with the gender difference in MDD, DD and MD. The total prevalence of affective disorders in adolescents was higher than that in children (adolescents: 5.024 % versus children: 1.863 %, χ2 = 566.841, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first nationwide survey on the prevalence of affective disorders among school-attending children and adolescents aged 6-16 in China. Our results also highlighted the importance of addressing comorbidities in future studies of affective disorders.

Antidepressants and quality of life in patients with major depressive disorder - Systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs.

BACKGROUND: Quality of Life (QoL) is an important outcome in mental disorders. We investigated whether antidepressant pharmacotherapy improved QoL vs. placebo among patients with MDD. METHODS: Systematic literature search in CENTRAL, Medline, PubMed Central, and PsycINFO of double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs. Screening, inclusion, extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. We calculated summary standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95%-CIs. We followed Cochrane Collaboration's Handbook of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and PRISMA guidelines (protocol registration at OSF). RESULTS: We selected 46 RCTs out of 1807 titles and abstracts screened, including 16.171 patients, 9131 on antidepressants and 7040 on placebo, a mean age of 50.9 years, with 64.8% women. Antidepressant drug treatment resulted in a SMD in QoL of 0.22 ([95%-CI: 0.18; 0.26] I2 39%) vs. placebo. SMDs differed by indication: 0.38 ([0.29; 0.46] I2 0%) in maintenance studies, 0.21 ([0.17; 0.25] I2 11%) in acute treatment studies, and 0.11 ([-0.05; 0.26], I2 51%) in studies focussing on patients with a physical condition and major depression. There was no indication of subtstantial small study effects, but 36 RCTs had a high or uncertain risk of bias, particularly maintenance trials. QoL and antidepressive effect sizes were associated (Spearman's rho 0.73, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Antidepressants' effects on QoL are small in primary MDD, and doubtful in secondary major depression and maintenance trials. The strong correlation of QoL and antidepressive effects indicates that the current practice of measuring QoL may not provide sufficient additional insights into the well-being of patients.

Avaliação da relação entre eventos traumáticos infantis e comportamentos autolesivos em adolescentes / Evaluation of the relationship between childhood traumatic events and self-injurious behavior in adolescents / Evaluación de la relación entre eventos traumáticos infantiles y comportamiento autolesivo en adolescentes

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a relação entre eventos traumáticos (ET) na infância e a ocorrência de comportamentos autolesivos em adolescentes. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário sobre Traumas na Infância (QUESI) e o Inventário de Autolesão Deliberada - reduzido (IAD-r). Participaram 494 estudantes do ensino médio de ambos os sexos e idade entre 15 e 18 anos (M = 16,4). Destes, 58,5% afirmaram ter sofrido abuso emocional de forma recorrente e 19,0% e 59,5% assumiram já ter sofrido abuso sexual e físico, respectivamente. Quanto à prática de autolesão, 65,0% revelaram já ter se engajado em comportamentos autolesivos. De acordo com a análise de Regressão Logística Binomial, todos os tipos de ET exibiram associação significativa com a prática de comportamentos autolesivos. A análise de moderação a respeito da interação entre a ocorrência de ET infantis e a prática de autolesão revelou ausência de moderação pelo sexo e pela idade. Porém, quanto ao abuso físico, o efeito de moderação da idade apresentou significância estatística limítrofe e indicou que os adolescentes mais novos, de 15 e 16 anos, que sofreram este tipo de abuso na infância, foram mais susceptíveis à prática autolesiva. Portanto, as altas taxas de ET e de autolesão encontradas nesta pesquisa revelam a gravidade do problema. Espera-se que esta investigação possa contribuir para a elaboração de intervenções para prevenção e controle dos fatores de risco que acometem a população infanto-juvenil.(AU)

This research aimed to verify the relationship between traumatic events (TE) in childhood and the occurrence of self-injurious behavior in adolescents. The instruments used were the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (QUESI) and the Deliberate Self-Injury Inventory - reduced (IAD-r). The sample was composed of 494 high school students of both genders and aged between 15 and 18 years old (M = 16.4). Of those, 58.5% declared to have suffered recurring emotional abuse and 19.0% declared to have suffered sexual abuse and 59.5% physical abuse. Regarding the practice of self-harm, 65.0% reported having already engaged in self-injurious behaviors. According to the Binomial Logistic Regression analysis, all types of TE were associated with the practice of self-injurious behaviors. The moderation analysis between the occurrence of childhood TE and self-injury showed no moderation by sex or age. However, regarding physical abuse, the moderating effect of age showed borderline statistical significance and indicated that younger adolescents, 15 and 16 years old, who suffered this type of abuse in childhood, were more susceptible to self-injurious behavior. Therefore, the high rates of TE and self-injury found in this research reveal the seriousness of the problem. It is hoped for this investigation to contribute to the development of interventions to prevent and control risk factors that affect children and adolescents.(AU)

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo verificar la relación entre eventos traumáticos (ET) en la infancia y la ocurrencia de conductas autolesivas en adolescentes. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de Trauma Infantil (QUESI) y el Inventario de Autolesiones Deliberadas -reducido (IAD-r). Participaron 494 estudiantes de la secundaria, de ambos sexos y con edades entre 15 y 18 años (M = 16,4). De estos, el 58,5% afirmaron haber sufrido maltrato emocional de forma recurrente, el 19,0% dijeron haber sufrido maltrato sexual y el 59,5%, maltrato físico. En cuanto a la práctica de la autolesión, el 65,0% informaron haber realizado conductas autolesivas. El análisis de Regresión Logística Binomial mostró que todos los tipos de ET tuvieron una asociación significativa con la práctica de conductas autolesivas. El análisis de la moderación respecto a la interacción entre la ocurrencia de ET infantil y la práctica de la autolesión reveló una ausencia de moderación por sexo o edad. En cuanto al maltrato físico, el efecto moderador de la edad mostró una significación estadística marginal e indicó que los adolescentes más jóvenes, de 15 y 16 años, que sufrieron este tipo de maltrato en la infancia, son más susceptibles a la práctica de autolesiones. Por lo tanto, las altas tasas de ET y autolesiones encontradas en esta investigación revelan la gravedad del problema. Se espera que esta investigación contribuya con el desarrollo de intervenciones para la prevención y control de los factores de riesgo que afectan a niños y adolescentes.(AU)

Treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) or dysthymic disorder (DD) in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Although various treatments exist for depression in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), the comparative effects and relationships between these treatments have not been clearly presented. This study aims to present comprehensive evidence for the treatment of major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder in patients with SCI by comparing the therapeutic and adverse effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments through a systematic review and network meta-analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will search for studies in five databases (Medline, Central, Embase, PsycINFO and CHINAL) as well as clinical trial registries (US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register ClinicalTrials.gov (www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (www.who.int/trialsearch)) and grey literature (Google Scholar). The references of the included studies, previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses will be reviewed. Study selection, data extraction and quality and risk of bias assessments will be independently performed by two authors (JMH and WSC), and disagreements will be resolved by discussion with JHK. Moreover, a Bayesian network meta-analysis will be performed using R software. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Our systematic review and network meta-analysis will be performed based on existing studies; thus, we did not seek ethical approval. Our results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at both domestic and international conferences.

Estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes con cáncer. Un estudio de centro único / Coping strategies in cancer patients. A single-center study

ntroducción: El diagnóstico de cáncer genera una inestabilidad emocionaly en muchos casos esto im-posibilita unafrontamiento adecuado.El afrontamiento es el esfuerzocognitivoy conductualconstan-temente cambiantes que se desarrollan para manejar las demandas específicas como el diangóstico oncológico. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento en un grupo de pacientes con cáncer, en un Hospital de referencia nacional. Metodología: Este estudio transversal, se realizó en el Hospital Eugenio Espejo de Quito, Ecuador, período enero a junio del 2018, con una muestra no probabilística, de pacientes con neoplasias, se registraron variables demográficas, clínicas, y el test de afrontamiento de 40 preguntas CSI "El inventario de estrategias de afrontamiento (CSI). Se utiliza estadística descriptiva invariada y bivariado. Resultados: Se analizan 47 casos, 74% mujeres, de edad promedio 55 años. De instrucción secundaria completa en el 38%de los casos. Las Estrategias de Afrontamiento que se presentaron en el 70% de los pacientes fueron: Reestructuración Cognitiva (REC) y Evitación de problemas (EVP), en el 15% se presentó "Resolución de problemas" (REP). Las Estrategias de Afrontamiento en hombres fueron REP con el 57%, mientras que la Expresión Emocional (EEM) se presentó en mujeres en el 86%.En los prime-ros 6 meses el 77% usa la EEM; de 7 a 12 meses el 19% a la estrategia de Autocrítica (AUC); de 1 a 2 años con un 17% estrategia de Pensamiento Desiderativo (PSD); de 3 o más años con un 14% corresponde a Resolución de Problemas (REP).Conclusión: Las estrategias de afrontamientos utilizan en gran proporción en los primeros 6 meses del diagnóstico del cáncer, luego de lo cual las estrategias disminuyen por debajo del 20%

Introduction:The cancer diagnosis generates emotional instability, which precludes adequate coping in many cases. Coping is the constantly changing cognitive and behavioral effort that develops to handle specific demands such as cancer diagnosis. This research aimed to identify coping strategies in a group of cancer patients in a national reference hospital.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Eugenio Espejo Hospital in Quito, Ecua-dor, from January to June 2018, with a non-probabilistic sample of patients with neoplasms,demo-graphic and clinical variables were recorded, and the coping test of 40 CSI questions "The Coping Strat-egies Inventory (CSI). Univariate and bivariate descriptive statistics are used.Results: 47 cases were analyzed, 74% women, with an average age of 55. Complete secondary education in 38% of cases. The Coping Strategies that appeared in 70% of the patients were: Cognitive Restructur-ing (REC) and Problem Avoidance (EVP); in 15%, "Problem Resolution" (REP) was presented. Coping Strategies in men were REP with 57%, while Emotional Expression (EEM) was presented in women with 86%. In the first six months, 77% use the EEM; from 7 to 12 months, 19% to the Self-criticism strategy (AUC); from 1 to 2 years with 17% Wishful Thinking Strategy (PSD); of 3 or more years with 14% corre-sponds to Resolution of Problems (REP).Conclusion: Coping strategies are significantly used in the first six months after the cancer diagnosis, after which the strategies decrease below 20%

Prevalence of depressive disorders and associated demographic characteristics in Shandong: An epidemiological investigation.

BACKGROUND: Depression is characterized by debilitating symptoms and high recurrence rates, and there are relatively few large-scale epidemiological surveys of depressive disorders conducted in Shandong since 2005. Data from the largest Epidemiological Survey of Mental Disorders conducted in 2015 in Shandong were collected to investigate the prevalence of depressive disorders and associated demographic characteristics in general adult population. METHODS: A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select residents and a two-stage screening and assessment process was used to define the prevalence and characteristics of depressive disorders. Respondents were initially screened using the General Health Questionnaire followed by a structured clinical interview using the DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS: Among 27,489 respondents who completed the survey, 1277 respondents met the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders. The adjusted prevalence in the last month was 4.86%, among which the prevalence of major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and unspecified depressive disorder were 2.32%, 1.78%, and 0.75%, respectively. 40.35% of depression patients had moderate or severe functional impairment and only 10.65% of patients had visited a psychiatric service. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that age, gender, occupation, education, marital status, and urban/rural living were associated with the prevalence. LIMITATIONS: The key limitation is that this is a cross-sectional survey therefore cannot draw any causal relationship between risk factors and disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this largest epidemiological study reveal current prevalence of depressive disorders and associated demographic factors and offers opportunities for policy makers and health-care professionals to improve mental health provision in Shandong.

Determinants and consequences of polypharmacy in patients with a depressive disorder in later life.

OBJECTIVES: Polypharmacy and late-life depression often congregate in the geriatric population. The primary objective is to identify determinants of polypharmacy in patients with depression, and second to examine polypharmacy in relation to various clinical phenotypes of depression and its course. METHODS: A longitudinal observational study using data of the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older persons (NESDO) including 375 patients with depression ≥ 60 years and 132 non-depressed comparisons. Linear and logistic regression were used to analyze both polypharmacy (dichotomous: ≥5 medications) and number of prescribed drugs (continuous) in relation to depression, various clinical phenotypes, and depression course. RESULTS: Polypharmacy was more prevalent among patients with depression (46.9%) versus non-depressed comparisons (19.7%). A lower level of education, lower cognitive functioning, and more chronic diseases were independently associated with polypharmacy. Adjusted for these determinants, polypharmacy was associated with a higher level of motivational problems, anxiety, pain, and an earlier age of onset. A higher number of drugs was associated with a worse course of late-life depression (OR = 1.24 [95% CI: 1.03-1.49], p = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Older patients with depression have a huge risk of polypharmacy, in particular among those with an early onset depression. As an independent risk factor for chronic depression, polypharmacy needs to be identified and managed appropriately. Findings suggest that depression moderates polypharmacy through shared risk factors, including motivational problems, anxiety, and pain. The complex interaction with somatic health burden requires physicians to prescribe medications with care.

Transtorno distímico: uma ilustração clínica pela perspectiva da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental e Terapia Cognitiva Processual / Dysthimic disorder: clinical illustration from the perspective of Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy and Processual Cognitive Therapy

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo ilustrar como a articulação entre a Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental e a Terapia Cognitiva Processual possibilita resultado satisfatório em casos de Trantorno distímico. Os estudos acerca do transtorno distímico ainda são limitados. No entanto, o caso clínico corrobora com a literatura, que aponta a importância dos psicofarmacos no tratamento dos transtornos de humor, bem como a importância da psicoterapia, inclusive em casos mais brandos, como os de distimia. A Terapia Congitivo Comportamental clássica não foi suficente para a melhora significativa da paciente, sendo necessário o acréscimo de técnicas da Tereapia Cognitiva Processual. Essa articulação das abordagens nas intervenções psicoterápicas proporcionou mudanças significativas no padrão de pensamento, sentimento e comportamento da paciente.(AU)

This paper aims to illustrate how the articulation between Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive Processual Therapy enables satisfactory results in cases of dysthymic disorder. Studies on dysthymic disorder are still limited. However, the clinical case corroborates the literature, which points out the importance of psychopharmaceuticals in the treatment of mood disorders, as well as the importance of psychotherapy even in milder cases such as dysthymia. The classic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy was not enough for the patients significant improvement, and the addition of Cognitive Processual Therapy techniques was necessary. This articulation of approaches in psychotherapeutic interventions provided significant changes in the patients pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving.(AU)

El presente trabajo pretende ilustrar cómo la articulación entre la Terapia Cognitivo Conducutal y la Terapia Cognitiva Procesal permite obtener resultados satisfactorios en casos de trastorno distímico. Los estudios sobre el trastorno distímico son todavía limitados. Sin embargo, el caso clínico corrobora la literatura, que señala la importancia de los psicofármacos en el tratamiento de los trastornos del estado de ánimo, así como la importancia de la psicoterapia, incluso en los casos más leves, como la distimia. La clásica Terapia CognitivoConductual no fue suficiente para la mejora significativa del paciente, siendo necesaria la adición de técnicas de la Terapia Cognitiva Procesal. Esta articulación de enfoques en las intervenciones psicoterapéuticas condujo a cambios significativos en el patrón de pensamiento, sentimiento y comportamiento del paciente.(AU)

Effectiveness of adapted cognitive behaviour therapy for dysthymia: An evidence based case study.

Several empirical researches imply that cognitive behaviour therapy can be effective in treating psychiatric disorders. In the context of Pakistan, some researches with Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy were found to be effective for depression, anxiety, bipolar and psychotic disorders. The present study theoretically underpinned the model of Adapted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (ACBT) based on the inclusion of Tasbeehs (Rosary) derived from the Quran and Sunnah to be fruitful in producing the desirable change in a single case of Dysthymia with anxious distress which was assessed with the help of the Urdu versions of Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS). ACBT produced profound differences in pre-test and post-test scores in a patient. The Tasbeeh or Rosary could provide a therapeutic means for treating psychiatric illnesses irrespective of the religious and cultural differences.

Oxidative Stress Risk Is Increased with a Sedentary Lifestyle during Aging in Mexican Women.

Oxidative stress (OS) increases during the human aging process, and the sedentary lifestyle could be a prooxidant factor. In this study, we determine the effect of sedentary lifestyle on OS during the aging process in Mexican women. A longitudinal study of two-year follow-up was carried out with 177 community-dwelling women (40-69 y) from Mexico City. We measured as OS markers plasma malondialdehyde, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), total plasma antioxidant status, uric acid level, antioxidant gap, and SOD/GPx ratio. To define OS using all the markers, we defined cut-off values of each parameter based on the 90th percentile of young healthy subjects and, we calculated a stress score (SS) ranging from 0 to 7, which represented the intensity of the marker modifications. All the women answered a structured questionnaire about prooxidant factors, including physical activity specially the type of activity, frequency, and duration, and they answered Spanish versions of self-assessment tests for establishing dysthymia and insomnia as potential confounders. Principal component and Poisson regression analysis were used as statistical tools, being two-year OS the primary outcome. The OS was considerate as SS ≥ 4 and sedentary lifestyle as <30 min/day of physical activity, beside several prooxidant factors and age that were covariables. SS is higher in sedentary lifestyle women after the two-year follow-up; although, the difference was statistically significant only in older women. Four principal components were associated with the OS, and 7 out of 8 prooxidant factors were important for the analysis, which were included in the Poisson model. The predictive factors for OS were the sedentary lifestyle (adjusted PR = 2.37, CI95%: 1.30-4.30, p < 0.01), and age, in which the risk increases 1.06 (CI95%:1.02-2.11, p < 0.01) by each year of age. Our findings suggest that a sedentary lifestyle increases the OS during the aging in Mexican women.

Efficacy of amisulpride for depressive symptoms in individuals with mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms occur in several psychiatric disorders, often in the absence of a formal diagnosis of depression. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and the tolerability of amisulpride, both alone and as augmentation therapy, in the treatment of depressive symptoms in individuals with any major psychiatric disorder. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, GreyLit, OpenGrey and ProQuest up to March 2020 for randomised controlled trials focussing on the treatment of an acute depressive episode in any major psychiatric disorder. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the findings on depressive symptoms (primary outcome), response rate and tolerability. RESULTS: We retrieved 11 studies including 2065 patients with a diagnosis of dysthymia (eight studies), major depression (one study) or schizophrenia (two studies). Amisulpride 50 mg/day was associated with a larger reduction of depressive symptoms compared to placebo (standardised mean difference [SMD] = -0.70, CI 95% -0.92, -0.49; I2  = 0.0%), and was found to be comparable to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; SMD = -0.08, CI 95% -0.23, 0.06, I2  = 0.0%), amineptine, imipramine and amitriptyline in the treatment of dysthymia (three studies, not pooled). In individuals with schizophrenia, amisulpride administered at higher doses (>400 mg/day) was comparable to olanzapine and risperidone (two studies, not pooled). In terms of tolerability, amisulpride was superior to placebo for dysthymia (odds ratio [OR] = 3.94, CI 95% 1.07, 14.48; I2  = 0.0) and comparable with SSRIs (OR = 0.94, CI 95% 0.55, 1.62; I2  = 0.0%). CONCLUSION: Treatment with amisulpride could be a valid choice for selected individuals with dysthymia or depressive symptoms in the context of schizophrenia. More studies on the efficacy and tolerability of amisulpride are needed to draw firm conclusions on its potential benefits in other psychiatric disorders.

Celiac disease poses significant risk in developing depression, anxiety, headache, epilepsy, panic disorder, dysthymia: A meta-analysis.

Celiac disease (CD) primarily affects the small intestine. Previous studies have identified higher incidences of neuropsychiatric diseases among CD patients compared to non-CD controls. Genome-wide association studies have identified >60 non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes associated with CD, where estimated 15% genes have role in neurological health. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the potential risk conferred by CD in developing neuropsychiatric diseases. Literature search was performed till June 2019. Incidences of neuropsychiatric diseases were compared among CD and non-CD controls. Funnel plots and Egger's tests were used to evaluate publication bias and estimate study effects. Qualities of the included studies were estimated using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Quality of evidence was graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Odds of developing neuropsychiatric diseases among CD were evaluated by computing meta-odds ratio (Manten-Haenszel method) and Z test p-value using random and fixed effect models based on the degree of study heterogeneity. Thirteen non-randomized case-control studies were found eligible. Subjects suffering from CD were found to have significantly more risk to develop depression (p<1.00E-05; OR=1.60 [1.37-1.86]), anxiety (p=0.05; OR=1.41 [1.00-1.97]), headache (p<0.1.00E-05; OR=3.27 [2.46-4.34]), epilepsy (p<1.00E-04; OR=11.90 [3.78-37.43]), panic disorder (p<1.00E-04; OR=4.64 [2.22-9.70]), and dysthymia (p=2.00E-03; OR=5.27 [1.83-15.22]). CD is a major predisposing factor in developing array of common neuropsychiatric diseases. Shared biological processes and molecular networks could play a crucial role in disease co-occurrence. Detailed molecular evidences are needed to establish the cause-effect relationship between these diseases.

Correlation of Antibodies to Neurotransmitters in the Sera of Women with Alcohol Dependence and Depressive Disorders.

Comparative analysis of blood sera from women with alcohol dependence and depressive disorders or from conditionally healthy women revealed reduced level of antibodies to dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, and GABA in blood serum in women with dysthymic disorder and a depressive episode and their increased content in women with alcohol dependence in combination with depressive disorders.

Prevalence of depressive disorders and treatment in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study.

BACKGROUND: In China, depressive disorders have been estimated to be the second leading cause of years lived with disability. However, nationally representative epidemiological data for depressive disorders, in particular use of mental health services by adults with these disorders, are unavailable in China. The present study, part of the China Mental Health Survey, 2012-15, aims to describe the socioeconomic characteristics and the use of mental health services in people with depressive disorders in China. METHODS: The China Mental Health Survey was a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of mental disorders in a multistage clustered-area probability sample of adults of Chinese nationality (≥18 years) from 157 nationwide representative population-based disease surveillance points in 31 provinces across China. Trained investigators interviewed the participants with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 to ascertain the presence of lifetime and 12-month depressive disorders according to DSM-IV criteria, including major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Participants with 12-month depressive disorders were asked whether they received any treatment for their emotional problems during the past 12 months and, if so, the specific types of treatment providers. The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) was used to assess impairments associated with 12-month depressive symptoms. Data-quality control procedures included logic check by computers, sequential recording check, and phone-call check by the quality controllers, and reinterview check by the psychiatrists. Data were weighted according to the age-sex-residence distribution data from China's 2010 census population survey to adjust for differential probabilities of selection and differential response, as well as to post-stratify the sample to match the population distribution. FINDINGS: 28 140 respondents (12 537 [44·6%] men and 15 603 [55·4%] women) completed the survey between July 22, 2013, and March 5, 2015. Ethnicity data (Han or non-Han) were collected for only a subsample. Prevalence of any depressive disorders was higher in women than men (lifetime prevalence odds ratio [OR] 1·44 [95% CI 1·20-1·72] and 12-month prevalence OR 1·41 [1·12-1·78]), in unemployed people than employed people (lifetime OR 2·38 [95% CI 1·68-3·38] and 12-month OR 2·80 [95% CI 1·88-4·18]), and in people who were separated, widowed, or divorced compared with those who were married or cohabiting (lifetime OR 1·87 [95% CI 1·39-2·51] and 12-month OR 1·85 [95% CI 1·40-2·46]). Overall, 574 (weighted % 75·9%) of 744 people with 12-month depressive disorders had role impairment of any SDS domain: 439 (83·6%) of 534 respondents with major depressive disorder, 207 (79·8%) of 254 respondents with dysthymic disorder, and 122 (59·9%) of 189 respondents with depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Only an estimated 84 (weighted % 9·5%) of 1007 participants with 12-month depressive disorders were treated in any treatment sector: 38 (3·6%) in speciality mental health, 20 (1·5%) in general medical, two (0·3%) in human services, and 21 (2·7%) in complementary and alternative medicine. Only 12 (0·5%) of 1007 participants with depressive disorders were treated adequately. INTERPRETATION: Depressive disorders in China were more prevalent in women than men, unemployed people than employed, and those who were separated, widowed, or divorced than people who were married or cohabiting. Most people with depressive disorders reported social impairment. Treatment rates were very low, and few people received adequate treatment. National programmes are needed to remove barriers to availability, accessibility, and acceptability of care for depression in China. FUNDING: National Health Commission and Ministry of Science and Technology of People's Republic of China. TRANSLATION: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Ansiedad, depresión, bienestar subjetivo y salud mental general en reclusos / Anxiety, depression, subjective well-being and general mental health in inmates

Introducción: El estudio de variables psicológicas asociadas al encarcelamiento, reviste esencial importancia en la actualidad. Se ha reportado la vivencia de estados psicológicos patológicos en individuos dentro de las prisiones. Objetivo: Describir los estados de ansiedad, depresión, bienestar psicológico y el estado de salud mental general de los reclusos en regímenes de prisión provisional y prisión severa. Métodos: Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo con un tipo de estudio transversal y descriptivo, mediante el uso de cuestionarios. La población fueron los internos de los regímenes de prisión provisional y severos (grupo de prisión provisional y grupo de severos). Los instrumentos empleados fueron: Escala de Bienestar Subjetivo; Cuestionario de Salud Mental General de Goldberg; Escala de Zung y Conde; e Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad. Los datos se analizaron mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS para Windows: versión 22.0. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y la Prueba T para muestras independientes. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre enero y mayo de 2019. Resultados: Se observó alta percepción del deterioro de la salud mental general. El bienestar subjetivo mostró valores similares en ambos grupos, con mínimas diferencias entre los altos y bajos niveles de bienestar. La mayoría de los participantes mostró niveles de ansiedad moderada. La vivencia de depresión también fue elevada; se observó distimia moderada y grave. Todos los participantes del régimen de prisión provisional, presentaron alguna variante de depresión. Conclusiones: Se encontraron altos niveles de ansiedad, depresión y un alto deterioro de la salud mental general. Se reportaron bajos índices de percepción de bienestar subjetivo(AU)

Introduction: The study of psychological variables associated with incarceration is of essential importance today. The experience of pathological psychological states has been reported in individuals within prisons. Objective: To describe the states of anxiety, depression, psychological well-being and the general state of mental health of inmates in provisional prison and severe prison regimes. Methods: A quantitative approach was used with a type of cross-sectional and descriptive study through surveys. The population was the inmates of the provisional and severe prison regimes. The instruments used were: Subjective Well-being Scale; Goldberg General Mental Health Questionnaire; Zung and Conde scale; and Inventory of Anxiety Situations and Responses. The data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS for Windows: version 22.0. Descriptive statistics and the T-test were used for independent samples. The study was carried out from January to May 2019. Results: A high perception of the deterioration of general mental health was observed. Subjective well-being showed similar values in both sample groups, with minimal differences between high and low levels of well-being. Most of the participants showed moderate anxiety levels. The experience of depression was also high; moderate and severe dysthymia were observed. All the participants of the provisional prison regime presented some variant of depression. Conclusions: High levels of anxiety, depression and a high deterioration of general mental health were found. Low rates of subjective well-being perception were reported(AU)